Chapter 8 of class 10 science as per the NCERT syllabus is Heredity which deals with the Definition of heredity and its significance, Basic concepts such as genes, alleles, chromosomes, and DNA, Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance, Inheritance of Traits, Sex Determination and Sex-linked Inheritance, etc.
Here, we have discussed 30 Multiple Choice Questions based on these topics of the chapter. These questions will help you to learn more about the chapter.
For each question below, there are four options out of which only one option is correct. The correct answer to each question is given at the end for your reference.
MCQ on Class 10 Science Chapter 8
1. Who is considered the father of genetics?
A) Gregor Mendel
B) Charles Darwin
C) Thomas Hunt Morgan
D) Alfred Russel Wallace
2. What did Gregor Mendel study to establish the principles of heredity?
A) Pea plants
B) Fruit flies
C) Mice
D) Bacteria
3. Which of Mendel’s laws states that pairs of alleles segregate during gamete formation?
A) Law of dominance
B) Law of segregation
C) Law of independent assortment
D) Law of co-dominance
4. How many pairs of chromosomes are found in humans?
A) 23
B) 46
C) 22
D) 44
5. Which of the following represents the genotype of an organism?
A) Physical appearance
B) Genetic makeup
C) External features
D) Environmental conditions
6. What term describes an organism with two different alleles for a particular trait?
A) Homozygous
B) Heterozygous
C) Dominant
D) Recessive
7. What is the likelihood of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring from a heterozygous parent and a homozygous recessive parent?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%
8. In humans, which chromosome pair determines the sex of an individual?
A) 23rd pair
B) 22nd pair
C) 21st pair
D) 20th pair
9. What is the term for alternative forms of a gene that occupy the same locus on homologous chromosomes?
A) Genotype
B) Allele
C) Phenotype
D) Mutation
10. Which of the following genetic disorders results from the presence of an extra chromosome 21?
A) Down syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Hemophilia
11. Which of Mendel’s laws states that traits are inherited independently of each other?
A) Law of dominance
B) Law of segregation
C) Law of independent assortment
D) Law of co-dominance
12. In which type of inheritance do two or more genes act together to produce a single phenotype?
A) Multiple alleles
B) Polygenic inheritance
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Co-dominance
13. What term describes a change in the DNA sequence that can be inherited?
A) Allele
B) Mutation
C) Phenotype
D) Genotype
14. Which of the following genetic disorders is characterized by the inability to properly metabolize phenylalanine?
A) Down syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
15. What is the term for the observable characteristics of an organism?
A) Genotype
B) Allele
C) Phenotype
D) Mutation
16. In humans, what is the blood type controlled by?
A) One gene with two alleles
B) Two genes with two alleles each
C) One gene with multiple alleles
D) Two genes with multiple alleles each
17. Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by a mutation in the gene encoding a protein essential for blood clotting?
A) Sickle cell anemia
B) Down syndrome
C) Hemophilia
D) Turner syndrome
18. What term describes the transmission of traits from parents to offspring?
A) Evolution
B) Variation
C) Inheritance
D) Mutation
19. What is the genotype of an organism with two identical alleles for a particular trait?
A) Heterozygous
B) Homozygous dominant
C) Homozygous recessive
D) Co-dominant
20. Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked genetic disorder?
A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Sickle cell anemia
C) Hemophilia
D) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
21. What term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?
A) Phenotype
B) Allele
C) Genotype
D) Mutation
22. In humans, which parent determines the sex of the offspring?
A) Mother
B) Father
C) Both parents
D) Random chance
23. Which of the following genetic disorders results from the presence of an extra X chromosome in females?
A) Down syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Hemophilia
24. What is the term for a trait controlled by two or more genes?
A) Multiple alleles
B) Polygenic inheritance
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Co-dominance
25. Which of the following is an example of a polygenic trait in humans?
A) Blood type
B) Eye color
C) Attached earlobes
D) Widow’s peak
26. Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by the absence of an X chromosome in females?
A) Down syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Hemophilia
27. What is the term for the process by which gametes are produced?
A) Fertilization
B) Mutation
C) Meiosis
D) Mitosis
28. In humans, which of the following pairs of sex chromosomes results in a male individual?
A) XX
B) XY
C) YY
D) XXY
29. Which of Mendel’s laws states that some alleles are dominant while others are recessive?
A) Law of dominance
B) Law of segregation
C) Law of independent assortment
D) Law of co-dominance
30. What term describes the different forms of a gene?
A) Genotype
B) Allele
C) Phenotype
D) Mutation
Correct Answers
Here is the list of the correct answers to the above questions.
- A) Gregor Mendel
- A) Pea plants
- B) Law of segregation
- A) 23
- B) Genetic makeup
- B) Heterozygous
- B) 25%
- A) 23rd pair
- B) Allele
- A) Down syndrome
- C) Law of independent assortment
- B) Polygenic inheritance
- B) Mutation
- D) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- C) Phenotype
- A) One gene with multiple alleles
- C) Hemophilia
- C) Inheritance
- C) Homozygous recessive
- C) Hemophilia
- C) Genotype
- B) Father
- B) Turner syndrome
- B) Polygenic inheritance
- B) Eye color
- B) Turner syndrome
- C) Meiosis
- B) XY
- A) Law of dominance
- B) Allele
The Bottom Line
I hope these 30 MCQs on Heredity of Class 10 Science Chapter 8 have helped you in your studies and preparation.
If you have any queries, or comments or find any mistake in the above questions, feel free to contact me in the comment section below.
I would love to hear from you.
Abdur Rohman is an Electrical Engineer from Charaideo, Assam, who wears multiple hats as a part-time teacher, blogger, entrepreneur, and digital marketer. Passionate about education, he founded The Assam School blog to provide free, comprehensive textbook solutions, MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions), and other academic content for students from Class V to XII.